Gate signatures of class-number-one Heegner-prime newforms

Paper VIII in the singular Hecke node series
Richard Hoekstra · 2026

The gate classification rule

For an elliptic newform f = Σ anqn and a prime p, the gate type of Tp on the 3-adic formal-group quotient is determined by ap alone:

Condition on apGate typeEffect on (r, k)
ap = 0A (annihilator)(r, k) → ⊥
v₃(ap) = 0 and ap ≡ 1 (mod 3)I (identity)(r, k) → (r, k)
v₃(ap) = 0 and ap ≡ 2 (mod 3)S (swap)(r, k) → (2r, k)
v₃(ap) ≥ 1Hv (shift)(r, k) → (r, k + v)

This depends only on ap, hence only on the isogeny class.

The full 5 x 7 gate table

The class-number-one Heegner primes with non-zero cuspidal space are H' = {11, 19, 43, 67, 163}. At each level the rational isogeny class is unique (11a, 19a, 43a, 67a, 163a). Gate types on the extended Heegner primes {2, 3, 7, 11, 19, 43, 67}:

fNT₂T₃T₇T₁₁T₁₉T₄₃T₆₇
11aISI--AH₁S
19aAISH₁--SS
43aIIAH₁I--H₁
67aSIISII--
163aAASH₁H₁II

Entries marked -- are the self-prime p = N. The Heegner gate signature ωN is the row restricted to {3, 7, 11, 19, 43, 67} \ {N}.

Distinctness The five gate signatures ω11, ω19, ω43, ω67, ω163 are pairwise distinct. (Verified by comparing any two rows on the intersection of their gate sets.)

Drift rate computation at each level

The drift rate is μ(N) = #{p : ωN(p) = H₁} / #{p : ωN(p) ≠ A}, counting shifts over non-annihilators on the Heegner gate set GN.

NGNTypes on GNShiftsNon-ann.μ(N)
11{3,7,19,43,67}(S, I, A, H₁, S)141/4
19{3,7,11,43,67}(I, S, H₁, S, S)151/5
43{3,7,11,19,67}(I, A, H₁, I, H₁)241/2
67{3,7,11,19,43}(I, I, S, I, I)050
163{3,7,11,19,43,67}(A, S, H₁, H₁, I, I)252/5

The five values {1/4, 1/5, 1/2, 0, 2/5} are pairwise distinct rationals in [0, 1/2].

The frozen level: N = 67

Frozen level N = 67 is the unique level in H' at which ωN contains neither a shift nor an annihilator. The gate set G₆₇ = {3, 7, 11, 19, 43} has types (I, I, S, I, I) — only permutation gates. The 3-adic shell coordinate is invariant under any composition of gates.

Proof. The row of 67a on G₆₇ is (I, I, S, I, I). No entry is Hv for any v ≥ 1, so no gate changes the shell coordinate. All other rows contain at least one shift or annihilator entry.

Where the special primes land

Annihilators: f11 at p = 19; f19 at p = 2; f43 at p = 7; f67 nowhere; f163 at p = 2 and p = 3. Every annihilator in the family lands at a Heegner prime, p in {2, 3, 7, 19}. N = 163 is the unique level with two annihilators on the extended set.

Shifts: f11 at p = 43; f19 at p = 11; f43 at p = 11 and p = 67; f67 nowhere; f163 at p = 11 and p = 19. The prime p = 11 is a shift for the four newforms in which it is not the self-prime.

The five signatures form a finite, complete classification. Each is well-defined on the isogeny class. The conductor 163 is not extremal — N = 43 has the highest drift (1/2), N = 67 is frozen at zero.
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